The best hypoallergenic wedding bands are the ones whose maker names the alloy in writing. Our top pick is the Larson Jewelers Domed Platinum Ring, because Larson is the only retailer we found that states its platinum is PT950 with ruthenium, so there is no cobalt and no plating. If you want something cheaper, a commercially pure titanium band costs under $150, and a silicone band under $30 is a safe stopgap while you wait for a patch test.
Our Top Picks
- Larson Jewelers Domed Platinum Ring
Best platinum
Buyers with a cobalt or nickel allergy who want the retailer to name the platinum alloy in writing.
- 950 platinum
- $1,000 to $6,500
- Larson Jewelers Palladium 950 Flat Band (fingerprint engraved)
Best palladium
Couples who want a naturally white, nickel-free metal cheaper than platinum, with a personal engraving.
- 950 palladium
- $1,000 to $3,400
- Brilliant Earth Comfort Fit Wedding Ring in 18K Yellow Gold
Best 18K yellow gold
Anyone who wants yellow gold at the karat dermatologists recommend, in widths slim enough for women and wide enough for men.
- 18K yellow gold
- $590 to $1,200
- Titanium Style Flat Titanium Ring, Classic Pipe-Cut (CP grade)
Best titanium
The most cautious buyer: unalloyed titanium, the metal with the fewest reported allergies, at a fraction of precious-metal prices.
- Commercially pure titanium (Ti-999)
- Under $150
- Groove Life Groove Ring (solid color)
Best silicone
A metal-free stopgap while you wait for a patch test, or a daily ring that spares the real band.
- Medical-grade silicone
- Under $30
Key Takeaways
- Platinum, palladium, titanium and 18K-plus yellow gold are the most reliable choices for sensitive skin, each with one alloy question to ask.
- White gold can be alloyed with nickel, and the rhodium plating that hides it wears away.
- Tungsten carbide is held together by a binder, most often cobalt and sometimes nickel, which is why we have no tungsten pick.
- The United States has no rule limiting nickel release from jewelry, so the questions are up to you.
- A red, itchy finger is often irritation from trapped soap rather than an allergy, and only a patch test settles it.
Hypoallergenic Wedding Bands Compared
| Ring | Price range | Material | Alloy and nickel | Widths | Sizes | Guarantee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larson Jewelers Domed Platinum RingBest platinum | $1,000 to $6,500 | 950 platinum | The retailer states its platinum is PT950 alloyed with 5% ruthenium, so no cobalt; no plating needed | 2mm to 8mm | 4 to 15, half sizes | Lifetime warranty (ask about resizing fees); 30-day returns |
| Larson Jewelers Palladium 950 Flat Band (fingerprint engraved)Best palladium | $1,000 to $3,400 | 950 palladium | The retailer says all its palladium bands are PD950, typically 95% palladium and 5% ruthenium; naturally white, so no plating | 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm | 2.5 to 14.5, half sizes | Lifetime warranty (ask about resizing fees); 30-day returns |
| Brilliant Earth Comfort Fit Wedding Ring in 18K Yellow GoldBest 18K yellow gold | $590 to $1,200 | 18K yellow gold | 18K yellow gold is 75% gold; the maker does not publish the rest of the alloy or say whether it contains nickel | 1.5mm to 7mm | Under 3 to over 12, quarter sizes | Free lifetime warranty, free resizing for 1 year, 30-day returns |
| Titanium Style Flat Titanium Ring, Classic Pipe-Cut (CP grade)Best titanium | Under $150 | Commercially pure titanium (Ti-999) | Choose the CP (Ti-999) option: the maker describes it as 99.9% pure titanium, with no nickel or other alloy | 2mm to 12mm | 2.5 to 17 | Lifetime repair or replacement for defects at no charge; 14-day returns |
| Groove Life Groove Ring (solid color)Best silicone | Under $30 | Medical-grade silicone | The maker says its rings are 100% medical-grade silicone, hypoallergenic and safe with a latex allergy; no metal | Original about 7 to 8mm (the maker lists both) | 7 to 15 | Replaces broken or lost rings; fees may apply |
Price ranges from the makers' sites, checked September 2026. Prices change; the maker's site has the current one.
Larson names the full alloy for both its platinum and palladium bands, and Titanium Style lets you choose unalloyed titanium. Brilliant Earth confirms the karat but not what makes up the other 25%, so ask before you order.
The Best Hypoallergenic Wedding Bands, Reviewed
Best platinum
Larson Jewelers Domed Platinum Ring
by Larson Jewelers
Best for: Buyers with a cobalt or nickel allergy who want the retailer to name the platinum alloy in writing.
The retailer states its platinum is PT950 alloyed with 5% ruthenium, so no cobalt; no plating needed.
What we like
- The only retailer we found that names its platinum alloy in writing: PT950 with 5% ruthenium
- Solid platinum needs no rhodium plating, so there is no coating to wear through
- Eight widths from 2mm to 8mm, in half sizes from 4 to 15
Keep in mind
- The ruthenium statement is on the retailer's platinum guide, not on the product page itself
- Wide bands in large sizes cost over $6,000
- Price range
- $1,000 to $6,500
- Material
- 950 platinum
- Widths
- 2mm to 8mm
- Sizes
- 4 to 15, half sizes
- Guarantee
- Lifetime warranty (ask about resizing fees); 30-day returns
Best palladium
Larson Jewelers Palladium 950 Flat Band (fingerprint engraved)
by Larson Jewelers
Best for: Couples who want a naturally white, nickel-free metal cheaper than platinum, with a personal engraving.
The retailer says all its palladium bands are PD950, typically 95% palladium and 5% ruthenium; naturally white, so no plating.
What we like
- The retailer states all its palladium bands are PD950 and describes PD950 as typically 95% palladium and 5% ruthenium
- Naturally white, so there is no rhodium plating to wear off
- Sizes from 2.5 to 14.5 suit both women's and men's hands
Keep in mind
- Sold as a fingerprint-engraved band; the retailer lists no plain palladium band
- Bring your patch test results before choosing palladium
- Price range
- $1,000 to $3,400
- Material
- 950 palladium
- Widths
- 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm
- Sizes
- 2.5 to 14.5, half sizes
- Guarantee
- Lifetime warranty (ask about resizing fees); 30-day returns
- Made in
- USA
Best 18K yellow gold
Brilliant Earth Comfort Fit Wedding Ring in 18K Yellow Gold
by Brilliant Earth
Best for: Anyone who wants yellow gold at the karat dermatologists recommend, in widths slim enough for women and wide enough for men.
18K yellow gold is 75% gold; the maker does not publish the rest of the alloy or say whether it contains nickel.
What we like
- 18K is the karat the American Academy of Dermatology recommends for nickel allergy
- Ten widths from 1.5mm to 7mm in one design
- Free lifetime warranty and free resizing for the first year
Keep in mind
- The maker does not disclose the alloy behind the 75% gold or make a nickel statement: ask before you buy
- Resizing is free only for the first year
- Price range
- $590 to $1,200
- Material
- 18K yellow gold
- Widths
- 1.5mm to 7mm
- Sizes
- Under 3 to over 12, quarter sizes
- Guarantee
- Free lifetime warranty, free resizing for 1 year, 30-day returns
Best titanium
Titanium Style Flat Titanium Ring, Classic Pipe-Cut (CP grade)
by Titanium Style
Best for: The most cautious buyer: unalloyed titanium, the metal with the fewest reported allergies, at a fraction of precious-metal prices.
Choose the CP (Ti-999) option: the maker describes it as 99.9% pure titanium, with no nickel or other alloy.
What we like
- The only maker we found that lets you pick commercially pure titanium on a plain band, at no extra cost
- Lifetime warranty covers breakage, bending and denting at no charge
- Made in Ohio, in widths from 2mm to 12mm and sizes up to 17
Keep in mind
- Only 14 days to return, and a 25% to 35% restocking fee if you skip the free sizing set
- The warranty does not cover sizing
- Price range
- Under $150
- Material
- Commercially pure titanium (Ti-999)
- Widths
- 2mm to 12mm
- Sizes
- 2.5 to 17
- Guarantee
- Lifetime repair or replacement for defects at no charge; 14-day returns
- Made in
- USA
Best silicone
Groove Life Groove Ring (solid color)
by Groove Life
Best for: A metal-free stopgap while you wait for a patch test, or a daily ring that spares the real band.
The maker says its rings are 100% medical-grade silicone, hypoallergenic and safe with a latex allergy; no metal.
What we like
- The maker states in writing that its silicone is hypoallergenic and safe for a latex allergy
- No metal at all, so no nickel, cobalt or plating
- Replacement guarantee covers a ring that breaks, stretches or goes missing
Keep in mind
- Silicone allergy is rare but has been reported, and a snug band traps soap like any other
- Replacements can carry a fee, and sizes stop at 15
- Price range
- Under $30
- Material
- Medical-grade silicone
- Breakaway
- Breaks at about 32 lbs (maker)
- Widths
- Original about 7 to 8mm (the maker lists both)
- Sizes
- 7 to 15
- Guarantee
- Replaces broken or lost rings; fees may apply
What to Avoid
- White gold with an unnamed alloy. Nickel white gold under rhodium plating is the classic trap.
- 9K gold, which contains nickel.
- Tungsten carbide without a named binder. We looked for a maker that states its binder is free of both nickel and cobalt in writing and found none, so tungsten has no place on this list.
- Cobalt chrome if cobalt shows up on your patch test.
- Plated fashion rings sold as “hypoallergenic” with no alloy named at all.
How We Chose
- The alloy is named in writing by the maker or retailer, or the metal contains none (silicone).
- Solid metal, no plating that can wear through to a different metal underneath.
- Metals the American Academy of Dermatology lists for people with nickel allergy.
- A pick for every budget, from a silicone band under $30 to platinum.
- Warranty and return terms you can read before you pay.

What “Hypoallergenic” Means on a Wedding Band
“Hypoallergenic” is a marketing description, not a legal standard. On a ring it usually refers to one thing: how little nickel the metal releases onto your skin. Two rings can carry the same label while one is solid nickel-free metal and the other is a nickel alloy under a coating that wears off.
Hypoallergenic vs. Nickel-Free
“Hypoallergenic” suggests a low chance of a reaction. “Nickel-free” is a claim about what the metal contains. No US agency defines or enforces either term, so treat both as the start of a conversation with the seller:
- What exactly is the alloy, by name or stamp?
- Is there a plating, and what is underneath it?
- If it is tungsten carbide, what metal binds it?
- Can you put the composition in writing?
Why Nickel Is the Metal to Watch
Nickel is the most common jewelry allergen. The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that more than 18 percent of people in North America are allergic to nickel, including 11 million children in the US, and a 2018 review by Nixon and colleagues puts the general-population figure at up to 17% of women and 3% of men.
Nickel allergy is an immune reaction that causes an itchy rash where metal touches skin, usually starting within a couple of days of contact (Mayo Clinic, 2025). It can also appear late: DermNet (2023) notes that some people only react after many years of contact, which is why a ring you wore comfortably for a decade can start causing trouble.
The EU Nickel Limit, and Why the US Has None
| European Union | United States | |
|---|---|---|
| Limit on nickel release from jewelry | Yes: 0.5 µg per cm² per week for items in prolonged skin contact (REACH Annex XVII, entry 27) | None |
| Coatings must keep that performance | For at least two years of normal use | Not applicable |
| Legal meaning of “hypoallergenic” | None | None |
According to Peterson and Hylwa (International Journal of Dermatology, 2022), the United States does not have regulations that restrict nickel release in consumer products. Even the EU limit is not a guarantee of comfort: in the study the limit is based on, white gold releasing less than it still caused reactions in 11% of nickel-sensitized people (Nixon and colleagues, 2018).
Is It Your Ring? Nickel Allergy vs. Wedding Ring Rash
Redness under a band can be an immune reaction to a metal, or soap and water trapped against the skin. One calls for a different metal; the other usually calls for a different habit.
Nickel Allergy on the Ring Finger
A nickel reaction usually shows up as an itchy, red band of irritated skin that follows the shape of the ring. It is diagnosed with a patch test, and there is no cure: avoiding nickel is what prevents it (Mayo Clinic, 2025). If you suspect it, see a board-certified dermatologist before you buy a new ring.
Wedding Ring Rash Is Often Not an Allergy
Before you blame the metal, consider what collects under it. Mayo Clinic dermatologist Dawn Davis explained in 2019 that wedding ring rash is often irritant contact dermatitis from soap residue, sweat and dirt trapped under the band, not an allergy to the jewelry.
- Wash under the ring, not just around it.
- Rinse so no soap residue is left behind.
- Dry the finger and the inside of the band completely.
If the rash sticks around, see a health care provider. The American Academy of Dermatology advises seeing a board-certified dermatologist for a rash that blisters, becomes infected or comes and goes.
Cobalt and Other Less Common Culprits
Nickel gets the attention, but it is not the only metal in play. Among 3,056 patients referred for patch testing at North American Contact Dermatitis Group centers in 2021-2022, 24.9% reacted to nickel and 9.2% to cobalt (Houle and colleagues, 2025). Those are patients sent for testing, not the general population, but they show cobalt is worth asking about. It turns up in tungsten carbide binders, in one common platinum alloy and in cobalt chrome bands.
Hypoallergenic Metals for Rings, Compared
No metal is allergy-proof for everyone, but some carry far less risk than others.
| Metal | Nickel risk | The question to ask |
|---|---|---|
| Platinum | Very low | Which alloy? Pt950/Co contains cobalt |
| Palladium | Contains no nickel | Ask your dermatologist: palladium and nickel sensitization often go together |
| Titanium | Very low | Pure titanium or an alloy? Any plating or inlay? |
| Yellow or rose gold, 18K and up | Low | Full alloy breakdown |
| White gold | Depends on the alloy | Nickel or palladium? Rhodium plated? |
| Tungsten carbide | Depends on the binder | Cobalt or nickel binder? |
| Cobalt chrome | Usually no nickel | Not for cobalt allergy; confirm the alloy is nickel-free |
| Sterling silver | Can contain nickel | What is the rest of the alloy? |
| Silicone | None | Allergy is rare but has been reported |
| Zirconia ceramic | None | Any metal inlay or liner? |
Precious Metals: Platinum, Palladium and Gold
Is Platinum Hypoallergenic?
For most people, yes. The American Academy of Dermatology lists platinum among metals for people with nickel allergy, and GIA notes that jewelry platinum is usually around 95% pure. Platinum needs no plating, so there is no coating to wear through.
The alloy still matters. Pt950/Ru (with ruthenium) is the most widely used platinum jewelry alloy in the US, and Pt900/Ir (with iridium) and Pt950/Co (with cobalt) are also common, according to Stuller’s jeweler guide. If you have a cobalt allergy, ask which one you are buying.
Is Palladium Hypoallergenic?
Palladium contains no nickel and is naturally white, which makes palladium wedding bands attractive if you are shopping for wedding rings for a nickel allergy. There is one complication: palladium and nickel sensitization are mostly found together, according to a 2020 review by Kapp, Summer and Thomas, which also describes a patient whose palladium wedding ring caused local eczema. That does not rule palladium out. It means you should ask your dermatologist, ideally with patch test results, before committing.
Is White Gold Hypoallergenic?
Not reliably. GIA explains that white gold is made by alloying gold with nickel or palladium, and DermNet (2023) warns that white gold can contain nickel. Most white gold is also rhodium plated, and GIA notes that the plating wears away gradually and needs re-plating, so it is not a permanent barrier. Even gold plating did not stop nickel from leaching out of coated 14K earrings in a 2008 study by Kim and colleagues.
If white gold is what you want, ask for palladium white gold and get the alloy confirmed in writing. GIA recommends palladium white gold for sensitive skin, and Mayo Clinic lists nickel-free white gold among safer metals.
| White gold type | Whitening metal | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel white gold | Nickel | Avoid if you are nickel-sensitive |
| Palladium white gold | Palladium | Confirm there is no nickel in the mix |
| Any white gold, rhodium plated | Either | Ask what is under the plating |
Yellow and Rose Gold: Why the Karat Matters
Higher karat means more gold and less of everything else. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends 18, 22 or 24-karat yellow gold for people with nickel allergy. DermNet (2023) considers solid gold of 12 carat or more safe, and warns that 9-carat gold contains nickel.
| Karat | What to do |
|---|---|
| 9K | Skip it if you react to nickel |
| 14K | Often tolerated; ask for the full alloy breakdown |
| 18K | The range the AAD recommends |
| 22K to 24K | Very pure but soft; think about daily wear |
GIA lists nickel-free yellow and rose gold as good choices for sensitive skin, so a rose band is fine as long as the alloy is confirmed.

Alternative Metals: Titanium, Tungsten, Cobalt and Steel
Is Titanium Hypoallergenic?
Titanium is one of the safest choices. A 2016 review by Fage and colleagues found that reports of titanium allergy have rarely been published, though rare is not impossible, and patch testing for titanium is unreliable. Mayo Clinic lists titanium among safer jewelry metals. Ask whether the ring is pure titanium or an alloy, and whether any inlay or liner is another metal.
Is Tungsten Hypoallergenic? It Depends on the Binder
Tungsten carbide rings are not pure tungsten. The carbide is cemented with a metal binder: the International Tungsten Industry Association describes cemented carbide as a tungsten carbide cobalt alloy, and nickel-bound versions exist too (Ren and colleagues, 2014). So the carbide itself is not the issue; the binder decides whether the ring is a problem for you. Some makers advertise cobalt-free tungsten, but cobalt-free often means nickel-bound. Ask which binder is used, and move on if the answer is vague.
Cobalt Chrome
A cobalt chrome ring is bright white and durable, but it is the alternative metal most likely to trigger a cobalt allergy. Some cobalt alloys in the jewelry trade also contain nickel, as one cobalt chrome maker acknowledges, so ask for a nickel-free alloy in writing.
Stainless Steel and Sterling Silver
The AAD includes surgical-grade stainless steel among its safer options. Many nickel-containing stainless steels release too little nickel to cause reactions (Nixon and colleagues, 2018), and DermNet (2023) says stainless steel rarely causes dermatitis unless it is nickel plated.
Sterling silver is 92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals, usually copper or nickel, according to GIA. The AAD lists pure sterling silver as safe, so ask what the other 7.5% is before assuming a silver ring is nickel-free.
Non-Metal Bands: Silicone and Ceramic
Silicone
A silicone band contains no metal at all, which makes it a good stopgap while you sort out a diagnosis, and a common work ring. Allergic contact dermatitis to silicone has been reported (Prasad and Reeder, 2021), so it is not automatically reaction-proof, and a snug band traps moisture and soap like any other. If you want one for work, our guide to men’s wedding bands for work covers the trade-offs.
Ceramic
Jewelry ceramic is usually zirconia, a fired ceramic rather than a metal, with no nickel or cobalt binder. It holds its color all the way through, so there is no plating to wear off. It is brittle, can chip if dropped on tile, and cannot be resized.
Hypoallergenic Wedding Bands for Women and Men
The same metal list applies to everyone; what changes is the style.
Bridal Sets for Sensitive Skin
Platinum and palladium are practical for a matching engagement ring and band because neither needs plating. For white gold, insist on palladium white gold. In a bridal set, also ask what the prongs, solder and any sizing beads are made of, since a bench jeweler may use a different alloy than the original maker.
Men’s Bands
Men usually choose between titanium (light and rarely a problem), cobalt chrome (bright but a cobalt risk) and tungsten carbide (where the binder is the question). If you work with your hands, a silicone work ring takes the pressure off the permanent band; our guides for welders, electricians and mechanics cover the job-specific risks.
How to Test for a Metal Allergy Before You Buy
Patch Testing by a Dermatologist
A patch test is how nickel allergy is diagnosed. Small amounts of suspected allergens are taped to your skin for two days, and the test is safe even for people with severe allergies (Mayo Clinic, 2025). It can also cover cobalt, and palladium if you are considering it. Bring the results to the jeweler.
Nickel Spot Tests at Home, and Their Limits
Home kits use dimethylglyoxime: you rub a treated cotton bud on the metal, and if it turns pink, the item contains nickel (DermNet, 2023). A negative result proves less. In a 2010 study by Thyssen and colleagues, the test had a specificity of 97.5% but a sensitivity of only 59.3%, so it misses a real share of nickel-releasing items. Use it as a screen, not a clearance, and remember it says nothing about cobalt.
Questions to Ask the Jeweler
| Ask | Why |
|---|---|
| Is this white gold alloyed with nickel or palladium? | White gold can be either (GIA) |
| Which platinum alloy is it? | Pt950/Co contains cobalt |
| What binder holds this tungsten carbide together? | Usually cobalt, sometimes nickel |
| What is the rest of this sterling silver? | It can include nickel (GIA) |
| Is it rhodium plated, and what is underneath? | Plating wears away (GIA) |
| Can you put the composition on the receipt? | The US has no nickel release rule |

Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Be Allergic to My Wedding Band?
Yes, you can be allergic to your wedding band, usually because of nickel in the alloy, and sometimes cobalt. White gold, low-karat gold, some sterling silver and tungsten with a nickel or cobalt binder are the common culprits. A patch test by a board-certified dermatologist tells you which metal to avoid.
Why Am I Suddenly Allergic to My Jewelry?
A sudden reaction usually means you have become sensitized. DermNet notes that nickel allergy can develop at any age, sometimes only after many years of contact with the same metal. Worn rhodium plating can also expose a nickel alloy that was covered before. And sometimes the cause is trapped soap, not an allergy at all.
Is Hypoallergenic the Same as Nickel-Free?
No, hypoallergenic and nickel-free are not the same. “Hypoallergenic” is a marketing word for a lower chance of reaction, and “nickel-free” is a claim about one metal. Neither has a legal definition in the US, and a nickel-free ring could still contain cobalt. Ask for the exact alloy composition in writing.
What Metal Is 100% Nickel Free?
Platinum, palladium and titanium contain no nickel in their pure form, but rings are made from alloys, so ask for the composition. Pt950/Ru platinum, palladium white gold and commercially pure titanium are usually free of nickel. Silicone and zirconia ceramic contain no metal at all.
Can I Wear 14K Gold If I’m Allergic to Nickel?
Possibly. DermNet considers solid gold of 12 carat or more safe for most people with nickel allergy, but the other 42% of a 14K alloy matters, and white 14K gold may contain nickel. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends 18K yellow gold or higher, so that is the safer target.
Is Gold or Titanium More Hypoallergenic?
Titanium is the safer default. Reports of titanium allergy are rare, according to a 2016 review, and titanium contains no nickel. High-karat yellow gold also works well for most people with nickel allergy. Lower-karat and white gold are where the risk sits, because of what they are alloyed with.
How Do I Tell If I’m Allergic to My Jewelry?
A patch test by a board-certified dermatologist is how to tell. The patches stay on for two days and are safe even for severe allergies. A home dimethylglyoxime test turning pink shows a ring contains nickel, but a negative result does not prove the ring is safe for you.
What Does Contact Dermatitis Look Like from a Ring?
Contact dermatitis from a ring usually looks like an itchy, red band of skin where the metal sits, sometimes dry and scaly or with small blisters. A nickel reaction typically starts within a couple of days of contact. See a dermatologist if it blisters, becomes infected or keeps coming back.
Sources
- American Academy of Dermatology, Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms, undated.
- Mayo Clinic, Nickel allergy: Symptoms and causes, 2025.
- Mayo Clinic, Nickel allergy: Diagnosis and treatment, 2025.
- Mayo Clinic News Network, Mayo Clinic Minute: Wedding ring rash, 2019.
- DermNet, Nickel allergy, 2023.
- European Commission, Regulation (EC) No 552/2009 amending REACH Annex XVII, entry 27, 2009.
- Nixon RL et al., Does clinical testing support the current guidance definition of prolonged contact for nickel allergy?, Contact Dermatitis, 2018.
- Peterson MY, Hylwa SA, Nickel release from metal tools in United States barbershops, International Journal of Dermatology, 2022.
- Houle MC et al., North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch Test Results: 2021-2022, Dermatitis, 2025.
- Thyssen JP et al., Sensitivity and specificity of the nickel spot (dimethylglyoxime) test, Contact Dermatitis, 2010.
- GIA 4Cs, Choosing Between White Gold, Platinum, Palladium, and Silver, 2015.
- GIA 4Cs, Best Ring Material for Everyday Wear, 2025.
- GIA 4Cs, White Gold vs. Silver, 2025.
- Stuller Bench Jeweler, A Jeweler’s Guide to Platinum Alloys, undated.
- Kapp F, Summer B, Thomas P, palladium and nickel sensitization, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 2020.
- Kim YY et al., Evaluating the Nickel Content in Metal Alloys and the Threshold for Nickel-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Journal of Korean Medical Science, 2008.
- Fage SW et al., Titanium: a review on exposure, release, penetration, allergy, epidemiology, and clinical reactivity, Contact Dermatitis, 2016.
- International Tungsten Industry Association, Cemented carbides, undated.
- Ren X et al., study of tungsten carbide-nickel (WC-Ni) cemented carbides, The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
- Patrick Adair Designs, Cobalt Chrome Ring: Is It Right For You? (manufacturer), 2019.
- Prasad A, Reeder MJ, Allergic contact dermatitis to silicone in a continuous positive airway pressure mask, Contact Dermatitis, 2021.
- Larson Jewelers, Domed Platinum Ring, About Platinum, Palladium 950 Flat Band and About Palladium, undated.
- Brilliant Earth, Comfort Fit Wedding Ring in 18K Yellow Gold, undated.
- Titanium Style, Flat Titanium Ring, Classic Pipe-Cut, Titanium grades and Warranty, undated.
- Groove Life, Groove Ring, undated.
- Aquamarise, Tungsten wedding bands: pros, cons and who they’re best for (manufacturer), undated.

